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在本教程中，我们将讨论Magento 2中的命令行接口（CLI）。如你所知，Magento 2在bin/magento添加了许多命令。

当你在终端运行命令时：

  
   php bin/magento

要么

  
   bin/magento

你将得到可用的Magento 2命令行列表，这个列表包括自定义的命令行

  
   Usage: 
    command [options] [arguments] 
    
   Options: 
    --help (-h) Display this help message 
    --quiet (-q) Do not output any message 
    --verbose (-v|vv|vvv) Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug 
    --version (-V) Display this application version 
    --ansi Force ANSI output 
    --no-ansi Disable ANSI output 
    --no-interaction (-n) Do not ask any interactive question 
    
   Available commands: 
    help Displays help for a command 
    list Lists commands 
   admin 
    admin:user:create Creates an administrator 
    admin:user:unlock Unlock Admin Account 
   cache 
    cache:clean Cleans cache type(s) 
    cache:disable Disables cache type(s) 
    cache:enable Enables cache type(s) 
    cache:flush Flushes cache storage used by cache type(s) 
    cache:status Checks cache status 
   catalog 
    catalog:images:resize Creates resized product images 
    catalog:product:attributes:cleanup Removes unused product attributes. 
   cron 
    cron:run Runs jobs by schedule 
   customer 
    customer:hash:upgrade Upgrade customer's hash according to the latest algorithm 
   deploy 
    deploy:mode:set Set application mode. 
    deploy:mode:show Displays current application mode. 
   dev 
    dev:source-theme:deploy Collects and publishes source files for theme. 
    dev:tests:run Runs tests 
    dev:urn-catalog:generate Generates the catalog of URNs to *.xsd mappings for the IDE to highlight xml. 
    dev:xml:convert Converts XML file using XSL style sheets 
   i18n 
    i18n:collect-phrases Discovers phrases in the codebase 
    i18n:pack Saves language package 
    i18n:uninstall Uninstalls language packages 
   indexer 
    indexer:info Shows allowed Indexers 
    indexer:reindex Reindexes Data 
    indexer:reset Resets indexer status to invalid 
    indexer:set-mode Sets index mode type 
    indexer:show-mode Shows Index Mode 
    indexer:status Shows status of Indexer 
   info 
    info:adminuri Displays the Magento Admin URI 
    info:backups:list Prints list of available backup files 
    info:currency:list Displays the list of available currencies 
    info:dependencies:show-framework Shows number of dependencies on Magento framework 
    info:dependencies:show-modules Shows number of dependencies between modules 
    info:dependencies:show-modules-circular Shows number of circular dependencies between modules 
    info:language:list Displays the list of available language locales 
    info:timezone:list Displays the list of available timezones 
   maintenance 
    maintenance:allow-ips Sets maintenance mode exempt IPs 
    maintenance:disable Disables maintenance mode 
    maintenance:enable Enables maintenance mode 
    maintenance:status Displays maintenance mode status 
   module 
    module:disable Disables specified modules 
    module:enable Enables specified modules 
    module:status Displays status of modules 
    module:uninstall Uninstalls modules installed by composer 
   sampledata 
    sampledata:deploy Deploy sample data modules 
    sampledata:remove Remove all sample data packages from composer.json 
    sampledata:reset Reset all sample data modules for re-installation 
   setup 
    setup:backup Takes backup of Magento Application code base, media and database 
    setup:config:set Creates or modifies the deployment configuration 
    setup:cron:run Runs cron job scheduled for setup application 
    setup:db-data:upgrade Installs and upgrades data in the DB 
    setup:db-schema:upgrade Installs and upgrades the DB schema 
    setup:db:status Checks if DB schema or data requires upgrade 
    setup:di:compile Generates DI configuration and all missing classes that can be auto-generated 
    setup:install Installs the Magento application 
    setup:performance:generate-fixtures Generates fixtures 
    setup:rollback Rolls back Magento Application codebase, media and database 
    setup:static-content:deploy Deploys static view files 
    setup:store-config:set Installs the store configuration 
    setup:uninstall Uninstalls the Magento application 
    setup:upgrade Upgrades the Magento application, DB data, and schema 
   theme 
    theme:uninstall Uninstalls theme

命令行类别

我们可以把这个列表分成以下几类：

Cache
Indexer
Cron job
Code compiler
Set the Magento mode
i18n translation
Run unit tests
Maintenance
module management
Setup: Install, Upgrade, Uninstall, Backup , Rollback
Theme
Deployment

接下来我们将举几个例子。

缓存命令行

如何检查缓存类型的状态

  
   php bin/magento cache:status

结果：

  
    config: 1
    layout: 1
    block_html: 1
    collections: 1
    db_ddl: 1
    eav: 1
    full_page: 1
    translate: 1
    config_integration: 1
    config_integration_api: 1
    config_webservice: 1

如何清理缓存类型

  
   php bin/magento cache:clean

结果：

  
   $ php bin/magento cache:clean 
   Cleaned cache types: 
   config 
   layout 
   block_html 
   collections 
   reflection 
   db_ddl 
   eav 
   customer_notification 
   full_page 
   config_integration 
   config_integration_api 
   translate 
   config_webservice

如何刷新缓存类型

  
   php bin/magento cache:flush

如何检查启用，禁用缓存类型

  
   php bin/magento cache:enable
   php bin/magento cache:disable

高级命令：

  
   magento cache:enable [type] ... [type]
   magento cache:disable [type] ... [type]

例如禁用整页缓存

  
   magento cache:disable full_page

索引器命令行

通过以下命令检查索引器状态

  
   php bin/magento indexer:info

我们会得到结果：

  
   design_config_grid Design Config Grid
   customer_grid Customer Grid
   catalog_category_product Category Products
   catalog_product_category Product Categories
   catalog_product_price Product Price
   catalog_product_attribute Product EAV
   catalogsearch_fulltext Catalog Search
   cataloginventory_stock Stock
   catalogrule_rule Catalog Rule Product
   catalogrule_product Catalog Product Rule

如何重建数据

  
   php bin/magento indexer:reindex

如何将索引器状态重置为无效

  
   php bin/magento indexer:reset

如何显示索引模式

  
   php bin/magento indexer:show-mode

结果：

  
   $ php bin/magento indexer:show-mode
    
   Design Config Grid: Update on Save
   Customer Grid: Update on Save
   Category Products: Update on Save
   Product Categories: Update on Save
   Product Price: Update on Save
   Product EAV: Update on Save
   Catalog Search: Update on Save
   Stock: Update on Save
   Catalog Rule Product: Update on Save
   Catalog Product Rule: Update on Save

如何设置索引模式类型

  
   php bin/magento indexer:set-mode {realtime|schedule} [indexer]

例如：

  
   magento indexer:set-mode schedule catalog_category_product catalog_product_category

部署命令行

命令语法：

  
   php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy <lang> ... <lang> [--dry-run]

如何运行部署静态内容

  
   php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy

它将显示如下：

  
   $ php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy
    
   Requested languages: en_US
   === frontend -> Magento/blank -> en_US ===
   ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

默认情况下，它将运行部署默认语言的静态内容： en_EN

如果您想部署其他语言的静态内容，例如： pt_BR

运行

  
   php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy pt_BR

然后得到结果：

  
   Requested languages: pt_BR
   === frontend -> Magento/luma -> pt_BR ===
   ... progress indicator ...
   Successful: 1613 files; errors: 0
    
   === frontend -> Magento/blank -> pt_BR ===
   ... progress indicator ...
   Successful: 1620 files; errors: 0
    
   === adminhtml -> Magento/backend -> pt_BR ===
   ... progress indicator ...
   Successful: 1626 files; errors: 0
    
   === Minify templates ===
   ... progress indicator ...
   Successful: 858 files modified
   ---

如何通过命令行获取管理路径

你知道吗？您可以获取管理路径而不访问etc/env.php文件。

运行

  
   php bin/magento info:adminuri

结果：

  
   $ php bin/magento info:adminuri
    
   Admin URI: /admin

所以/admin现在的路径是，将您的浏览器导航到domain.com/admin以访问Magento 2后端。

如何通过命令行启用维护模式

启用维护模式

  
   php bin/magento maintenance:enable

结果：

  
   $ php bin/magento maintenance:enable
   Enabled maintenance mode

禁用维护模式

  
   php bin/magento maintenance:disable

允许IP访问商店

设置维护模式仅允许ip

  
   php bin/magento maintenance:allow-ips

例如：

  
   php bin/magento maintenance:allow-ips 168.168.168.168
   Set exempt IP-addresses: 168.168.168.168

如何设置Magento Developer模式或Product模式

显示当前的Magento 2模式

  
   php bin/magento deploy:mode:show

结果：

  
   $ php bin/magento deploy:mode:show
   Current application mode: default. (Note: Environment variables may override this value.)

目前，我们处于默认模式，让我们切换到开发人员模式

  
   php bin/magento deploy:mode:set developer

结果：

  
   $ php bin/magento deploy:mode:set developer
   Enabled developer mode.

恭喜！现在您的商店正在开发人员模式下运行。快乐编码;）